Social Determinants of Low Emission Limitation in Urban and Rural Areas in the Middle Odra (Poland)

Abstract

Poor air quality causes a number of adverse social effects, which can be burdensome for people living in areas particularly exposed to low emission. The most important low-emission social effects include the more frequent occurrence of diseases that can even lead to death. According to WHO data, about 48 thousand people die every year due to poor air quality in Poland. One of the main reasons for too much pollution in the air is low emission. Low emission is created at a level up to 40 m above ground level. The most important low-emission sources include house-type boilers, which serve to heat buildings, road transport and small and medium-sized industrial plants.